There is an old puzzle about a ship whose planks are replaced one at a time until none of the original timber remains, and the question of whether it is…
There is a category of historical evidence that is systematically misleading in a way nobody notices, and early photographs are the clearest case.
A photograph feels like direct evidence. It…
The first question at any boundary is what it is made of, because that was decided entirely by what was to hand. The second is what shape it is, which…
The useful habit is to ask what each feature is for rather than what it looks like. Nearly every one addresses a specific difficulty, and several address problems that are…
Source: Wikipedia
There is a problem in intelligence work that has no clean solution and recurs constantly.
Information obtained secretly is only useful if it is acted upon. Acting on it…
Source: Wikipedia
There is a standard way of looking at old maps that produces a confident and entirely wrong conclusion.
The method is to compare the map against a modern one…