There is a common assumption that a hot place is hot and a cold place is cold, and that a location is one or the other.
Deserts break that assumption…
A treeline is not one phenomenon. It is wherever a particular limiting factor becomes severe enough, and the factor differs entirely between a mountain, a bog, a coast and a…
There is a misunderstanding built into how these plants are usually described, and correcting it makes everything else about them clearer.
They are not predators in the sense of animals…
The question worth asking at any waterfall is what makes the drop possible, because a river will otherwise smooth its own bed given enough time. Something is preventing that, and…
The first question at any boundary is what it is made of, because that was decided entirely by what was to hand. The second is what shape it is, which…
The defining property is that nothing here is constant. Salinity at any given point changes twice a day and again with the seasons, and every organism and process in an…