The whole subject reduces to one comparison: which rock resisted and which did not. Everything projecting is what held out, everything indented is what did not, and every feature between…
Three variables produce nearly every dune shape there is: how much sand there is, how many directions the wind blows from, and whether vegetation is holding anything down. Here are…
There is a structure that appears on rivers everywhere, that most people cannot name correctly, and that does something quite different from what it appears to do.
A weir looks…
There is a way of thinking about disturbance that treats it as damage — something that happens to an ecosystem and that the ecosystem then recovers from.
That framing works…
Peat forms where the ground is too wet and too acidic for dead plant material to rot completely, so it piles up instead. That single condition produces a landscape that…
Almost every large cave system exists because slightly acidic water met soluble rock and took a very long time about it. The shape of what resulted records the route the…